World War II and Hollywood

World War II resulted in more women than ever before going out to work.  In December 1941, the conscription of women to work was made legal in the UK due to the National Service Act (No.2), whereas in America, women were encouraged to volunteer by magazines and posters such as the one below.  These posters aimed to overcome the resistance at the thought of women doing traditionally male work with words such as "many factory jobs are very similar to running a sewing machine or vacuum cleaner, assembling a meat grinder, sewing by hand, and other familiar household tasks" (Yesil 2004 p.107).  Moreover, once the war was over, it was "implied that....women would 'gracefully' withdraw from ''men's jobs'". (Yesil 2004 p.103) 

During these difficult times, where utility fashion and rationing were the norm, women looked to Hollywood for fashion and glamour.  For example, there were the pin up stars whose faces and bodies were splashed across posters and films to cheer up the troops while women copied their cosmetics, hair and clothing.  

Betty Grable was one of the most popular pin up girls of WWII

Additionally, Hollywood actresses did their part for the war effort by performing for the troops at the Hollywood Canteen where members of the armed services could go for free refreshments, listen to bands and to socialise with their favourite movies stars.  

Bette Davis at the opening ceremony of the Hollywood Canteen, 1942

Hollywood actresses also embarked upon world tours to entertain the troops often putting their own lives at risk. 

Marlene Dietrich swapping war boots for high heels prior to entertaining the troops

  Marlene Dietrich performing for the troops

Furthermore, the actresses promoted and sold war bonds which the US government issued to fund the war.  Below is a video of Bette Davis informing people they should buy war bonds instead of Christmas presents.

Therefore, women, as well as men, assisted in the war effort.  Hollywood actresses entertained the troops and sold war bonds whereas most women embarked upon traditionally male work but only until men returned home and women would go back to the kitchen.